A serious and potentially life-disrupting condition, Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is hard to pin down. From its involuntary, repetitive movements to the embarrassing effects on self-esteem and self-image, TD has many impacts.
Some people experience it most in the face and tongue. Other people only have minor twitches. Some suffer from severe movements of the limbs. Wherever sufferers stand on the spectrum, one thing is certain: meds may be to blame.
In fact, TD is most often associated with chronic use of certain medications, namely those for psychiatric disorders.
Not sure which medication is causing issues? Let’s cover five meds that may be contributing to TD, and how to reduce the effects.
1. Haloperidol (Haldol)
Haloperidol is one of the first antipsychotics prescribed to the general public. While the drug may work by blocking receptors in the brain, it also has notable side effects. Usually used to treat schizophrenia, Haloperidol’s blocking ability also makes it problematic. In long-term use of higher doses, TD symptoms may occur.
Users should look for any symptoms of TD while taking the drug. Lower doses are best where possible, and if symptoms occur, second-generation antipsychotics may be preferred.
2. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Another first-generation antipsychotic, Thorazine blocks dopamine receptors in the brain. This drug is prescribed for many conditions, especially schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Unfortunately, it also causes a spectrum of side effects. Beyond TD symptoms, Thorazine may lead to weight gain, sedation, constipation, and other issues.
People dealing with TD from Thorazine should wean off gradually and not stop suddenly. Sometimes, other meds may be prescribed to counteract the TD symptoms. Other than that, healthy living habits are the most natural way to address TD due to Thorazine.
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3. Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
Like the previous two drugs, Fluphenazine is a typical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia. It also shows efficacy in treating psychosis, but poses a big risk of causing TD with long-term use. It may even negatively impact the cardiovascular system – another serious concern.
To reduce the effects, users should get regular neuro evaluations to see if TD is coming down the pike. Patients can also use longer-acting formulations. These are usually injected but stay stable in the body to lessen side effects.
4. Risperidone (Risperdal)
A second-generation antipsychotic, Risperdal blocks both dopamine and serotonin, important chemicals in your brain. It’s typically used for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and symptoms related to autism.
Although it doesn’t lead to TD like other drugs, there is always a risk. It can also cause issues with metabolism and weight, making it problematic for people who are already obese.
The best way to address these issues is by lowering the dose and screening routinely for metabolic problems. Fortunately, if side effects occur, other antipsychotics may help.
RELATED: Understanding Tardive Dyskinesia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
5. Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Like other second-generation antipsychotics, Zyprexa is recommended for people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It is also used for cases of depression that resist traditional treatments. Similar to Risperdal, this medication causes metabolic issues as well as TD. It may even lead to diabetes and high cholesterol, which should be carefully monitored.
To minimize these side effects, be sure to eat healthy, get exercise, and track your blood sugar levels. Maintaining a good weight makes a big difference, but if side effects get bad, alternative meds may work.
Overall, every patient should be mindful of the medications being used. Don’t be bashful. Have an open dialogue with your doctor and don’t downplay side effects. If you haven’t received info on risks and benefits, it’s your right to!
Make sure you are making informed decisions by getting all of this information. If dose adjustments are made, make sure you understand what changes will occur. While medication shifts may lessen TD symptoms, they may worsen symptoms of other psychiatric conditions.
Fortunately, with a collaborative approach, you and your healthcare providers can arrive at the treatment plan best for your needs. Attend your regular check-ups, keep communication lines open, and listen to your body.
Balance is key, and if you put in the effort, you can both manage TD and any psychiatric conditions for which you’re medicated. In other words, the best of both worlds!
