An Overactive Bladder Increases the Risk of Dangerous Falls

An overactive bladder isn’t just a nuisance and a source of embarrassment. For the elderly, it can also trigger a potentially fatal fall, a Canadian study says. An overactive bladder is the inability to control the release of urine from your bladder. Studies show that Blacks experience incontinence than whites, but at a higher severity.

“Falls are the leading cause of accidental death in seniors, and many people don’t know that having bladder control problems makes you about twice as likely to fall over,” study lead author William Gibson, an assistant professor of geriatric medicine at the University of Alberta says.

“There’s not previously been a lot of evidence that treating people’s incontinence reduces their risk of falling. So this is a jumping-off point, because now we’ve demonstrated that the sensation of urgency is a source of distraction,” Gibson adds.

What the study shows

The study included nearly 30 older adults with overactive bladder. Their gait was monitored as they walked the length of the lab and back three different times: under normal conditions; while doing a simple mental test meant to distract them; and after drinking enough fluids to make them have the urge to pee.

The need to urinate caused gait changes similar to those seen when doing the distracting mental task: The gait tended to become slower and narrower, which is associated with an increased risk of falling, the researchers say.

“This is pretty good evidence that people with incontinence are being distracted by their bladders, which means that they’re less able to concentrate on walking,” Gibson shares.

“Being balanced and walking require some cognitive inputs, and for young, healthy people, they don’t have to think about walking,” he explains. “But when you’re older, with changes to the brain, it requires more cognitive input to maintain balance. If you’ve then got a distracting factor of your bladder, it makes you more likely to fall.”