Do You Live in One of America's Worst Cities for Dirty Air?

Nearly one-third of Americans live in counties with unhealthy air, according to a new report from the American Lung Association.

One in three, or 120 million, people live with unhealthy levels of ozone or particle pollution, the "State of the Air" report says.

While air quality has improved overall, there are significant differences between Eastern and Western states and in air pollution exposure for white people and people of color, according to the association.

"The good news is that ozone pollution has generally improved across the nation, thanks in large part to the success of the Clean Air Act. In this year's 'State of the Air' report, we found that 19.3 million fewer people are living in areas with unhealthy levels of ozone pollution, also known as smog," according to Harold Wimmer, national president and CEO of the association.

"However, the fact is that 120 million people still live in places with unhealthy air pollution, and not all communities are seeing improvements. This is why it is crucial to continue our efforts to ensure that every person in the U.S. has clean air to breathe," Wimmer added in an association news release.

The report, which covers 2019 to 2021, found about 54 percent of those living with unhealthy air quality were Black Americans and other minorities. People of color were 64 percent more likely to live in a county with a failing grade for at least one measure, and they were 3.7 times as likely to live in a county with a failing grade for all three measures: unhealthy levels of ground-level ozone air pollution, annual particle pollution and short-term spikes in particle pollution over a three-year period.

This was an increase compared to last year's report.

Conditions were worse in Western than Eastern states, where more than 18 million residents live in counties with three failing grades. The worst 25 counties for short-term particle pollution are in the Western United States.

The lung association noted that fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, air pollution can be deadly. These unhealthy particles in the air come from wildfires, wood-burning stoves, coal-fired power plants, diesel engines and other sources. They can trigger asthma attacks, heart attacks and strokes and cause lung cancer.

Almost half a million more people lived in counties that experienced unhealthy spikes in particle pollution in this report than in the previous year's report.

Do you live in an unhealthy city?

The top five cities most impacted by short-term particle pollution, or daily pollution spikes, were Bakersfield, Calif.; Fresno-Madera-Hanford, Calif.; Fairbanks, Alaska; Visalia, Calif., and Reno-Carson City-Fernley, Nev.

The most polluted cities

While 1.5 million fewer people were living in a county that received a failing grade for annual particle pollution, 18.8 million people still lived in a county with a failing grade. The top five cities most polluted with year-round particles were Bakersfield, Calif.; Visalia, Calif.; Fresno-Madera-Hanford, Calif; Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif., and Fairbanks, Alaska.

Cities most affected by ozone pollution

Ground-level ozone pollution is an irritant to the lungs and can cause shortness of breath, coughing and asthma attacks. It may shorten your life.

Warmer temperatures driven by climate change make ozone more likely to form and harder to clean up, according to the report. About 103 million people live in an area with unhealthy ozone pollution, which is 19.3 million fewer than in the previous year's report.

The top five cities most affected by ozone pollution include four in California: Los Angeles-Long Beach; Visalia; Bakersfield, and Fresno-Madera-Hanford, plus Phoenix-Mesa, Ariz.

The cleanest cities

The cleanest U.S. cities were Asheville-Marion-Brevard, N.C.; Bangor, Maine; Greenville-Kinston-Washington, N.C.; Lincoln-Beatrice, Neb.; Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, N.Y.; urban Honolulu, Hawaii, and Wilmington, N.C.

The "State of the Air" report relies on data from air quality monitors managed by state, local and tribal air pollution control authorities. However, only 922 counties out of 3,221 are able to monitor for at least one pollutant.

More than 71 million people live in counties where their ozone and particle pollution levels are not monitored.

The lung association is asking President Biden to move forward on several measures to clean up air pollution nationwide. These include new limits on ozone and particle pollution and new measures to clean up power plants and vehicles.

How to protect yourself

Here are some simple, effective tips for protecting you and your family from the dangers of air pollution, according to the American Lung Association:

Check daily air pollution forecasts in your area. The color-coded forecasts can let you know when the air is unhealthy in your community. Sources include local radio and TV weather reports, newspapers and online at airnow.gov.
Avoid exercising outdoors when pollution levels are high. When the air is bad, walk indoors in a shopping mall or gym or use an exercise machine. Limit the amount of time your child spends playing outdoors if the air quality is unhealthy.
Always avoid exercising near high-traffic areas. Even when air quality forecasts are green, the vehicles on busy highways can create high pollution levels up to one-third a mile away.
Use less energy in your home. Generating electricity and other sources of energy creates air pollution. By reducing energy use, you can help improve air quality, curb greenhouse gas emissions, encourage energy independence and save money! Check out the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's easy tips for conserving energy at home.
Encourage your child's school to reduce exposure to school bus emissions. To keep exhaust levels down, schools should not allow school buses to idle outside of their buildings. Many school systems are using the U.S. EPA's Clean School Bus Campaign to clean up these dirty emissions.
Walk, bike or carpool. Combine trips. Use buses, subways, light rail systems, commuter trains or other alternatives to driving your car.
Don't burn wood or trash. Burning firewood and trash are among the major sources of particle pollution (soot) in many parts of the country.
Use hand-powered or electric lawn care equipment rather than gasoline-powered. Old two-stroke engines like lawnmowers and leaf or snow blowers often have no pollution control devices. They can pollute the air even more than cars, though engines sold since 2011 are cleaner.
Don't allow anyone to smoke indoors and support measures to make all public places tobacco-free.
Get involved. Start by checking out our Healthy Air Campaign which has more information about what you can do.