Active Myeloma contains about ten percent of abnormal plasma cells that is found in the bone marrow, along with one or more of the following signs: increased calcium in the bloodstream, anemia, bone damage, kidney damage and at least 60 percent abnormal plasma are found in the bone marrow.
Smoldering myeloma, on the other hand, has a M- protein increase in the bloodstream, 10 to 60 percent of abnormal plasma cells are found in the bone marrow, and increased Bence Jones protein is found in the urine.
Symptoms
Symptoms, however, are subjective feelings that a patient experiences before they seek medical attention. The most common multiple myeloma symptoms, according to the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF), include:
- Loss of appetite
- Frequent urination
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea/vomitig
- Bone pain or bone fractures
- Fatigue
- Impaired kidney function
Detecting Recurrence Early
Because symptoms can be silent, it is important for a person who is in remission to work closely with their doctor to watch, or use surveillance, to monitor their health every 3 to 6 months. According to the National Cancer Institute, surveillance is using regular exams and tests to detect early signs of MM.
Recommended tests for asymptomatic MM include blood chemistry tests (BUN, creatine, calcium), complete blood count with differential, bone survey annually or more often if symptoms are present, urine tests, and MRI as needed.