equal.
– One study of 14,000 individuals reported that people with anxiety, depression, or bipolar affective disorder have a two-fold increase in experiencing hypnopompic or hypnagogic hallucinations at least once weekly.
– The same study reported that patients with adjustment disorders had a 1.5-fold increase in experiencing these phenomena at least once weekly.
– The study also reported that over half the individuals who experienced hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations had no evidence of physical disorder, substance-abuse disorder, sleep disorder, or other psychiatric disorder.
Risk Factors:
– There is a tendency for hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations associated with narcolepsy to be associated with certain HLA phenotypes.
– Tricyclic antidepressants have been reported to be