Lung cancer is a serious condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Early detection and treatment significantly improve the chances of successful outcomes. Unfortunately, Black Americans with lung cancer are 15 percent less likely to be diagnosed early, according to the American Lung Association. Another factor that will help doctors determine the best lung cancer treatment for you is determining which type of lung cancer you have. Because each kind of lung cancer requires a different method of treatment, this information is vital. Let's take a closer look at the different types of lung cancer.
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1. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), it accounts for about 80-85 percent of all cases. It grows more slowly compared to small cell lung cancer and is further divided into subtypes:
Adenocarcinoma: This subtype often begins in the outer parts of the lungs and is commonly associated with non-smokers or former smokers. It is also more prevalent in women than men and diagnosed earlier than other forms of lung cancer. Adenocarcinoma often spreads to distant organs but responds well to targeted therapies.
According to the Cleveland Clinic, there are three main treatments for adenocarcinoma:
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- Surgery. Usually the first line of treatment for adenocarcinoma, surgery is done to remove cancer and some of the surrounding tissue.
- Chemotherapy. This treatment involves using drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be used in a specific area or throughout your entire body.
- Radiation therapy. Often used in combination with chemotherapy or surgery, radiation therapy uses imaging to target adenocarcinoma tumors and leave healthy tissues intact.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: This type usually originates in the central bronchi and is linked to smoking. It can cause symptoms such as coughing and wheezing due to blockage of airways. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment.
Treatment for squamous cell lung carcinoma depends on how advanced your cancer is, your ability to tolerate the side effects, and your overall health, Healthline notes. Your age isn't usually taken into consideration when doctors are determining the best method of treatment.
Large Cell Carcinoma: Large cell carcinoma is a less common subtype that can appear anywhere in the lungs. It tends to grow and spread quickly, making early diagnosis and treatment essential.
Depending on the stage of your cancer, treatment options for large cell carcinoma include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these. If standard therapy isn't working, clinical trials may help.
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2. Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
Small cell lung cancer accounts for about 10-15 percent of lung cancer cases. It's an aggressive type that often spreads rapidly, typically to distant organs. Due to its aggressive nature, SCLC is usually treated with chemotherapy and sometimes radiation therapy. It is also extremely unlikely for someone who has never smoked to develop SCLC.
The most common treatments for SCLC are:
- Chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Surgery
3. Lung Carcinoid Tumor
This is a rare type of lung cancer, making up about one to two percent of cases. Carcinoid tumors often grow slowly and are less likely to spread compared to other types. They develop from neuroendocrine cells and can be classified as typical carcinoids or atypical carcinoids based on their appearance and behavior.
Most patients with resectable lung carcinoid tumors are cured with surgery alone and don’t need other treatments, according to the ACS. For an atypical carcinoid that has spread to lymph nodes, you may need further treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both.
4. Other Rare Types
Several rare types of lung cancer are less common and have unique characteristics:
- Pleomorphic Carcinoma: This aggressive cancer contains a mix of cells and is often harder to treat.
- Salivary Gland Carcinoma: These tumors form in the salivary glands but can spread to the lungs. They require specialized treatment approaches.
- Sarcomatoid Carcinoma: This aggressive subtype contains both cancerous epithelial cells and sarcoma-like cells. It tends to spread quickly.
- Mesothelioma: Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that primarily affects the mesothelial cells, which are the protective lining covering the internal organs of the body. This cancer is most commonly associated with exposure to asbestos, a mineral that was widely used in construction, manufacturing, and other industries due to its heat-resistant and insulating properties. The fibers of asbestos, when inhaled or ingested, can lead to the development of mesothelioma.
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Prevention and Early Detection
- Quit Smoking: If you smoke, quitting is the single best thing you can do to reduce your risk of lung cancer.
- Avoid Exposure: Minimize exposure to secondhand smoke, radon, asbestos, and other carcinogens.
- Regular Check-ups: Regular health check-ups and screenings are essential, especially if you have a history of smoking or are at high risk.
Conclusion
Lung cancer comes in various forms, each with distinct characteristics and treatment approaches. Understanding these types can help you become more informed about this disease. Remember, if you suspect any symptoms or have concerns, consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance. Early detection and proactive care can make a significant difference in the treatment and outcomes of lung cancer.
