Arthritis is a widespread condition that affects millions of people worldwide, causing pain and discomfort that can significantly impact one’s quality of life. Fortunately, there are various medications available to help manage arthritis pain and improve daily functioning.
The options might seem overwhelming, though. Here, the Arthritis Foundation offers some suggestions for meds that can be purchased at a local drug store or filled with a doctor’s prescription, whether your pain is caused by normal wear and tear (osteoarthritis) or inflammatory disease.
Over-the-Counter Meds
Some of the best over-the-counter (OTC) medications for controlling arthritis pain are acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen and acetylsalicyclic acid (aspirin), better known by brand names like Tylenol, Advil, Motrin, Aleve or Anacin.
Ibuprofen, naproxen and aspirin are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
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While those are pills, it’s also possible to get an NSAID in topical form, like diclofenac gel (Voltaren). Other OTC creams for arthritis contain salicylate, capsaicin, camphor or menthol as the active ingredient.
While acetaminophen (Tylenol) is often used to treat osteoarthritis, NSAIDs are typically used for both inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis, according to the foundation.
Acetaminophen offers only limited help with inflammatory arthritis because it doesn’t control the disease or prevent joint damage, the foundation says.
Diclofenac gel and topical capsaicin might also be used in combination with oral medications to relieve pain. Only limited evidence supports using topical salicylate, camphor or menthol to treat osteoarthritis pain.
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A doctor or pharmacist can offer more information on these medications.
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Other Medications
- Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)
- DMARDs are primarily used for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune forms of the disease.
- They target the underlying immune system dysfunction to slow down joint damage.
- Biologics
- Biologics are a class of drugs designed to target specific proteins involved in the immune response.
- They are often used when other medications are ineffective.
- Biologics like adalimumab and etanercept have revolutionized rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
- Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, can provide quick relief from arthritis symptoms.
- They are often used as short-term solutions to manage flare-ups.
- Long-term use may have side effects, so their usage is carefully monitored.
Choosing the Right Medication
The choice of arthritis medication depends on several factors, including the type of arthritis, the severity of symptoms, and individual health considerations. It is crucial to work closely with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan.
Some medications may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions or those taking other medications. In such cases, healthcare providers can explore alternative options or adjust dosages to minimize potential side effects.
Managing Medication Side Effects
While arthritis medications can provide significant pain relief, they may also come with side effects. It’s essential to discuss potential side effects with your healthcare provider and monitor your response to the medication carefully. Common side effects may include gastrointestinal issues, increased risk of infections, and liver or kidney problems.
In some instances, complementary therapies such as physical therapy, exercise, and lifestyle modifications may be recommended alongside medication to enhance pain management and improve overall joint health.
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How long will you need arthritis meds?
You may need to use these medications regularly if you feel osteoarthritis pain most of the time. If it’s not continuous, just stop when you feel better.
Inflammatory arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis will likely require life-long treatment. Inflammatory arthritis typically requires using not just NSAIDs but disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, or DMARDs, such as methotrexate.
Prescription medications
A number of different prescription medications also treat stronger osteoarthritis pain. These include tramadol and other opioids. These may also be prescribed for short-term inflammatory arthritis.
A doctor may prescribe tramadol for arthritis of the knee and hip when a patient can’t take acetaminophen or NSAIDs. It may also be used along with other medications.
Opioids are considered second-line medications reserved for moderate to severe knee and hip osteoarthritis pain that hasn’t responded to other treatments. Their adverse effects — including the risk of addiction — limit their use, but they may be a safer option than NSAIDs in elderly patients, according to the Arthritis Foundation.
Duloxetine — an antidepressant and nerve pain medication — is a second-line agent that may be used to treat arthritis of the knee. It can also be used as an add-on medication.
Most of these medications come in pill form. One opioid medication, fentanyl (Duragesic), is administered by a patch on the skin. But this is not routinely used to manage arthritis pain, the foundation noted in a news release.
