African Americans and Kidney Disease Fact Sheet

Kidney Disease in African Americans

• African Americans are four times more likely to develop kidney failure than
  Caucasians.

• African Americans make up 12 percent of the population but account for 30
  percent of people with kidney failure.

• Diabetes and high blood pressure account for about 70 percent of kidney
  failure in African Americans.

• A recent NKDEP survey of African Americans found that only 17 percent named
  kidney disease as a consequence of diabetes, and only eight percent named it as
  a consequence of high blood pressure.

• African American males ages 22 – 44 are 20 times more likely to develop
  kidney failure due to high blood pressure than Caucasian males in the same age
  group.

• Forty-five percent of African American men with kidney failure received late
  referrals to nephrologists. In some cases people were not aware they had a
  problem until they needed dialysis.

Kidney Disease in the United States

• Approximately 20 million Americans have kidney disease. The number of people
  diagnosed with kidney disease has doubled each decade for the last two
  decades.

• In 2001, there were about 400,000 people who had kidney failure, which
  requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to stay alive. By 2010, an estimated
  661,330 individuals will have kidney failure.

• The annual cost of treating patients with kidney failure in the U.S. is more
  than $20 billion.

• In 2000, about the same number of people died with kidney failure as with
  breast cancer and prostate cancer combined.

• The most common causes of kidney failure are diabetes and high blood
  pressure.

• Early kidney disease has no symptoms, and can become kidney failure with
  little or no warning if left undetected. When patients are not tested and
  treated for kidney disease early, it is usually discovered right before the
  kidneys fail.

• Kidney failure can be effectively treated if detected early.

1. U.S. Renal Data System. (2002). National Institutes of Health,
   National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD.
   
2. National Kidney Disease Education Program. (2003). NKDEP
   Survey of African American Adults’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors Related to
   Kidney Disease (Draft). National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
   Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
3. Kinchen KS, Sadler J, Fink N, et al: The timing of
   specialist evaluation in chronic kidney disease and mortality. Ann Intern
   Med137: 479-486, 2002.
4. SEER, 2003.
5. Hostetter, T. (2001). Prevention of end-state renal disease
   due to type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 345(12): 910-912.