Heart defects are often – but not always – detected at birth, so it's important to pay attention when a child gets dizzy, passes out or says their heart is "beeping."
These and other warning signs, such as an apparent change in fitness, shouldn't be overlooked, an expert says.
Evaluating a child who has these symptoms is important to ensure nothing is missed that could become life-threatening, according to Dr. Stephen Cyran, pediatric cardiologist with Penn State Health Children's Heart Group, in Pennsylvania.
"Although 80% to 85% of structural heart defects are often caught before or at birth, some don't present themselves until later, so it's important to tell your child's pediatrician or family doctor about any changes you or your child notice," Cyran said in a Penn State news release.
You May Also Like
"Unlike adults who often self-refer to a cardiologist, the referral to the pediatric cardiologist almost always comes through the pediatrician or family physician," he notes.
Two Heart Surgeries and COVID-19 Before the Age of One: “It Was Trying Times”
What warrants a referral to a pediatric cardiologist?
The top three reasons for referral to Cyran's office are a heart murmur, dizziness/passing out, and chest pain.
Causes for the symptoms can vary. A feeling of "beeping" could be an irregular heartbeat because a child was born with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, an extra electrical connection in the heart. This can damage the heart over time. However, preventive treatments can help, Cyran says.
Symptoms
Exercise intolerance could be an early sign of a hole in the wall between the two chambers of the heart. Known as atrial septal defect, it may show itself later in childhood with a murmur. Treatment depends on the size of the opening.
Dizziness or passing out associated with exercise is a major red flag, Cyran warns. It could be an inherited condition called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which requires immediate attention.
"You often hear about this happening to high school athletes when football practice starts up in the fall," Cyran adds. "If this happens even once, your child should be restricted from physical exercise until evaluation."
Chest pain can be a sign of growing pains, rather than an underlying heart condition, he notes.
In babies, an undiagnosed heart condition can show as blueness of the lips in an otherwise warm environment, sweating during feedings and changes in feeding behavior, such as going from taking 2 ounces of milk in 15 minutes to 2 to 3 ounces of milk in 45 minutes. These symptoms should always be taken seriously and discussed with the baby's doctor.
RELATED: Is Your Baby’s Heart Healthy?
The importance of family history
Family history can provide important clues, including a history of high cholesterol, early heart attacks and pacemakers. Family history of heart attacks before age 60, for example, could suggest familial high cholesterol, and screening can begin at age 4 to 7.
"If Granddad died at age 35 while running, he probably had an irregular heartbeat due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These types of historical facts should make any parent, coach or physician concerned," Cyran shares.
Regular health maintenance exams can help detect a new murmur, change in heart rate or high blood pressure, Cyran adds.
Treatment
Treatment for heart defects depends on the type and severity of the defect present in your child. Some affected infants and children might need one or more surgeries to repair the heart or blood vessels. While others can be treated without surgery using a procedure called cardiac catheterization. In this procedure, a long tube, called a catheter, is threaded through the blood vessels into the heart, where a doctor can take measurements and pictures, do tests, or repair the problem. In some cases, the heart defect won't be able to be fully repaired, however, these procedures can improve your child's blood flow and the way their heart works. Keep in mind that even if your child's heart defect has been repaired, it doesn't necessarily mean that it is cured.
