Dealing with leukemia can be challenging, especially when it spreads beyond the bone marrow. When the disease advances, it can affect various organs and tissues, including lymph nodes, liver, spleen, central nervous system, skin, testicles, kidneys, adrenal glands, and heart. Understanding how leukemia spreads and knowing what to expect can help you cope better. Here’s what happens when leukemia spreads to each part of the body:
1. Lymph Nodes
Leukemia cells can accumulate in the lymph nodes, causing them to swell. This can lead to painless lumps in the neck, armpits, or groin.
2. Liver
Leukemia can infiltrate the liver, leading to enlargement (hepatomegaly) and potentially causing abdominal discomfort or jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
3. Spleen
The spleen may become enlarged (splenomegaly) as it works to filter out abnormal cells from the bloodstream. This can cause discomfort or pain in the left upper abdomen.
4. Central Nervous System (CNS)
Leukemia can spread to the CNS, leading to symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, seizures, or changes in mental status.
5. Skin
Leukemia can cause skin changes, such as rashes, bruises, or small red spots called petechiae, due to abnormal bleeding under the skin.
6. Testicles
Leukemia can spread to the testicles, leading to swelling or lumps. This may cause discomfort or affect fertility.
7. Kidneys
Leukemia can affect kidney function, leading to changes in urination patterns, swelling in the legs or ankles, or elevated blood pressure.
8. Adrenal Glands
Leukemia can affect the adrenal glands, which produce hormones that regulate metabolism, stress response, and