Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex autoimmune condition that affects the joints and skin, often requiring long-term management and careful monitoring. A range of tests is used to diagnose PsA, monitor disease progression, and assess treatment effectiveness. Understanding these tests can empower you to take an active role in your healthcare.
1. X-Ray Imaging
X-rays are a common imaging test used to detect changes in the bones and joints associated with PsA. These changes include bone erosion, new bone formation, and bone fusion, all of which can indicate disease progression.
How often should you be tested?
X-rays are typically performed at the time of diagnosis and may be repeated annually to monitor changes over time or as needed to monitor disease progression.
2. MRI Imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides detailed images of the joints, allowing healthcare providers to assess inflammation and joint damage. MRIs are often used when X-rays do not provide enough information or to monitor disease activity and progression.
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How often should you be tested?
Initially used for diagnosis, MRIs may be repeated periodically to assess disease activity and joint damage.
3. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
The ESR is a blood test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a test tube over a specific period. An elevated ESR can indicate the presence of inflammation in the body, which is common in PsA.
How often should you be tested?
This test is typically done at the time of diagnosis and may be repeated several times a year to monitor inflammation.
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4. C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Like the ESR, CRP is a blood test that measures inflammation in the body. High levels of CRP can indicate active inflammation, which is often seen in PsA. This test is also used to monitor disease activity over time.
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How often should you be tested?
This test is done at diagnosis and may be repeated several times a year to assess how your inflammation is responding to treatment.
5. Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
While rheumatoid factor is more commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis, it can also be present in a small percentage of people with PsA.
How often should you be tested?
This test is usually done at the time of diagnosis to help differentiate between the two conditions and is not usually repeated unless there are new symptoms.
6. Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (anti-CCP) Test
The anti-CCP test is another blood test that can help differentiate between PsA and other forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
How often should you be tested?
This test is typically done at the time of diagnosis and isn't typically repeated unless there are new symptoms.
7. HLA-B27 Test
The HLA-B27 test is a genetic test that can indicate a predisposition to PsA and other autoimmune diseases.
How often should you be tested?
This test is usually done at the time of diagnosis to help confirm the diagnosis. It doesn't need to be repeated unless new symptoms arise.
8. Tuberculosis (TB) Test
Before starting biologic medications, which can suppress the immune system, you will need to be tested for latent TB infection.
How often should you be tested?
This test is typically done annually while on treatment. If you exhibit symptoms or have been exposed to TB, you should have an immediate TB test.
9. Chest X-Ray
Doctors often order a chest X-ray in conjunction with a TB test to increase the chance of detecting infection. The X-ray may show scarring from prior exposure to TB or if there's an active or new infection.
How often should you be tested?
As with the TB skin test, doctors may order a chest X-ray before prescribing biologics, repeating the test annually as long as you are taking your medication.
10. Serum Uric Acid Test
Elevated levels of uric acid can be linked to PsA, gout, and other conditions. This test may be done periodically to monitor for these conditions.
How often should you be tested?
Doctors may perform this test several times a year, especially if you have a history of gout or high uric acid levels.
11. Bone Mineral Density Test
PsA and its treatments can impact bone health, leading to a decrease in bone mineral density.
How often should you be tested?
Bone density tests are done during menopause and then every one to two years, or earlier if on medications that affect bone density. A bone mineral density test, such as a DXA scan, may also be done periodically to assess bone health.
12. Anemia Screening
PsA-related inflammation can lead to anemia, a condition characterized by a decrease in healthy red blood cells.
How often should you be tested?
Your doctor may order tests to be done several times a year to determine if your anemia has worsened or improved.
Regular monitoring of PsA is essential for managing the condition effectively. This includes ongoing communication with healthcare providers and adherence to a personalized treatment plan. By understanding the key tests used in the management of PsA, you can take proactive steps to manage your condition and improve your quality of life.
